Measuring instrument.



A. KOWALSKY. MEASURING INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED FEB. s, 1913'.

Patented Dec. 2, 1913.

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ANDREW KowALsKY, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

MEASURING INSTRUMENT;

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 2,1913.

Application filed February 3, 1913. Serial No. 746,572.

. Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Measuring Instruments, of which the following is a specification. y

This invention relates to measuring instruments and is in the general nature of a gage designed for use in connection with the measuring of patterns, castings and like objects, to determine points thereon at which holes are to be drilled, surfaces planed, or other similar operations performed.

The device of my invention is designed to cooperate with a surface gage in effecting the measurements referred to, and will be readily understood both as to its structure and mode of operation from the following description, taken in connection with the ac companying drawing, in which,-

Figure 1 is a front elevational View of the complete instrument. Fig. 2 is a cross-section, looking downwardly, on the line 22 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged partial cross-section taken through the scale-clamp. Fig. 4 is also an enlarged partial cross-section in the plane of one of the scale-pointers, and more particularly illustrating the means for clamping the pointer-holder in the upright frame of the instrument.

Referring to the drawings, 5 designates a base-piece, to which is secured by horizontal lugs 6 and 7 straddling the horizontal top member of the base-piece and by a set screw 8 threaded through lug 7 and binding on said top member, a skeleton frame composed of three upright members 9, 9 and 9 con nected by several transverse members 9, forming between the uprights 9 and 9 a guide-way 10 and between the uprights 9 and 9 a guide-way 11. Integral with or secured to this skeleton frame, preferably about centrally thereof, is a laterally extending bracket 12, the outer end of which is formed with a cylinder or barrel 13 internally threaded throughout its outer end portion, as clearly shown in Fig. 3. Threaded into the outer end of the barrel 13 is a plug 14 provided with a knurled head 15 and V with a reclucedextension or stem 16. Slidrounding the stein 16, is a compression spring 18.

The projecting end of the plug 17 is formed with a vertical stepped groove 19, and the adjacent edge of the upright 9 is formed with a similar stepped groove 20. Between and engaging the grooves 19 and 20 is a scale 21, which is rigidly secured in the vertical position shown by the parts carried by the barrel 13 and the adjacent grooved edge of the upright 9 the described parts carried ,by the barrel 13 constituting an easily manipulated clamp for securing, removing and adjusting the scale 21. The

I stepped grooves 19 and 20 are adapted to accommodate either a scale of the thickness shown engaging the wider portions of the stepped grooves, or a thinner scale engaging the narrower portions of the stepped grooves, so that the outer face of the scale in either case will be flush with the outer or front face of the upright frame. The inner plug 17 is confined against escape through the inner end of the barrel 13 by a pin 22 extending inwardly of the barrel 13 at its inner end and engaging a shoulder 23 on the plug 17 as clearly shown in Fig. 3.

The scale is applied and adjusted to the desired height by backing out the threaded plug 14 and its extension 16 thus releasing the compression on the spring 18 and allowing the inner plug 17 to be pushed back inwardly of the barrel suflici'ently to enable the scale to beset into and between the grooves'19 and 20. The threaded plug 14 is then screwed in, and acts, through the spring 18 and plug 17, to exert at first a yielding or elastic grip upon the outer edge of the scale until the inner end of the stem or extension 16 strikes the plug 17, whereupon a final tightening movement of the head 15 effects a positive and rigid grip of the scale between its supports. To adjust the scale vertically it is necessary only to slightly back out the plug 14, shift the scale to the desired height, and again screw in the plug 14 until the positive gripping or clamping effect is secured. The upright scale-holding frame carries in its guide-ways 10 and 11 a pair of scale-pointers 24 and 25, respectively. These scale-pointers and their mountings are structural duplicates, except that pointer 24 is somewhat longer than the pointer 25 and is capable of passing over the latter, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 illustrates .in such position.

the detail structure of the pointer-arm 24 and its mounting. The arm 24 is carried by a block 26 having a reduced portion 26 that engages the guide-way 10. To one face of the reduced portion 26 is secured a leafspring 27, the inner end of which is formed with an inwardly projecting bend or curl 28, while its opposite end 29 engages one wall of the guide-way 10. In the opposite side wall of the guide-way is a channel 33 into which enters a lug or rib 34 formed on the side of the reduced portion 26' of the block 26. Passing through the block 26 is a clampscrew 30 having a knurled head 31 and a beveled or tapered point 32 that, as the screw is adjusted inwardly, engages the inward projection 28 of the spring and forces it out into frictional engagement with one side wall of the guide-way 10 with sufficient force to hold the pointer at any point to which it may be adjusted and set.

The mounting and adjusting means of the other pointer 25 are the same as that last described and shown in Fig. 4, and hence are no-t illustrated in detail.

From the foregoing it will be seen that either scale-pointer can be set to any position in its respective guide-way irrespective of the other; the construction being such, as shown in Fig. 2, that either scale-pointer can readily pass the other.

Referring now to the manner in which my improved gage is used, as already stated, this instrument is designed for use in measuring patterns and castings in cooperation with any ordinary surface gage. In the operation of the gage herein shown and described, the pointer of a surface gage is first set at the neutral or zero point of a pattern or casting, this latter being an arbitrarily assumed point from which distances are measured in vertical, horizontal, and intermediate directions to determine points or lines on the pattern or casting Where holes are to be drilled or other machining operations performed. The pointer of the surface gage, set as aforesaid at this neutral or zero point, is then set adjacent to the scale-bar 21 and the latter is adjusted up or down to a point at which one of the inch divisions, say the 4-inch division, registers with the point of the pointer-arm of the surface gage, and the scale 21 is then set in such position. One of the indicator pointers 24 and 25 (preferably the latter) is then adjusted so that the tip of its pointer-arm registers with the assumed division of the scale (the 4-inch division as here shown), and set Assuming now that a point to be scribed on the pattern or casting by the surface gage is three inches above the neutral or zero point, this is readily found by simply adjusting the pointer of the surface gage three inches above the 4-inch division on the scale 21, or opposite the 7-inch division, and then placing it against the pattern or casting and scribing. If another point, say two inches above the last scribed point, is also to be scribed, the other pointer D 24 of the measuring instrument is set opposite the 7-inch division of the scale, as shown in Fig. 1, and the pointer of the surface gage is then adjusted to a height two inches above the latter, or opposite the 9- inch division, and the second point or line scribed on the pattern or casting; the pointer 24 being then re-set opposite the 9-inch division as a basis for the next point or line to be scribed. Where the points or lines to be scribed lie below the neutral or zero point, the same operations are performed except that the measurements are taken from the scale below the assumed scale division corresponding to the neutral or zero point, instead of above the same. Where similar points or lines to the right and left of the neutral point are to be scribed, the pattern or casting is simply turned on its side or to such an angle as will bring the point to be scribed vertically above the neutral point, and the described operations are repeated. It will thus be seen that one of the pointers 25 as herein shown) is employed to mark the initial arbitrary division of the scale from which the measurements are taken off for the surface gage, while the other (24 as herein shown) is set successively at each last taken measurement as the basis for the next measurement in the same or opposite direction.

Another way in which the instrument can be used is this: After the first pointer 25 has been set to the arbitrarily determined scale division (say the 4-inch division), and a point say three-quarters inch thereabove is to be scribed, this point can be determined for the setting of the surface gage pointer, by loosening and shifting the scale upwardly three-quarters of an inch above the pointer 25 so that the predetermined scale division (4-inch) will then, in its new position, give the height at which the pointer of the surface gage should be set.

It will thus be seen that the instrument of my present invention considerably facilitates the work of scribing patterns and castings by serving as an auxiliary to the ordinary surface gage in establishing the height of the neutral or zero point, as well as successive measurements therefrom, and which can be used as an accurate basis for successive adjustments of the surface gage arm or pointer. It will be manifest to those skilled in the art the details of the instrument herein shown may be more or less modified'and varied without departing from the principle of the invention or sacrificing any ofthe benefits or advantages flowing therefrom. Hence, I do not limit the invention to the exact structure shown and described, except iao as to the extent clearly indicated in specific claims.

I claim I 1. In a measuring instrument of the class described, the combination of a scale-holder comprising an upright frame and a clamp disposed laterally of said frame, a scale-bar engaged edgewise between said clamp and the adjacent edge of said frame, and a pair of pointers mounted on said frame and adjustable lengthwise thereof and both cooperating with said scale-bar to indicate scale divisions on the latter,

2. In a measuring instrument of the class described, the combination of a scale-holder comprising an upright frame and a horizontally movable clamp disposed laterally of said frame, the inner end of said clamp and the adjacent edge of said frame being formed with stepped grooves adapted to engage scale-bars of difierent thicknesses, a scalebar engaged edgewise by the grooves of said clamp and frame, and a pair of pointers mounted on said frame and adjustable lengthwise thereof and both cooperating with said scale-bar to indicate scale divisions on the latter.

3. In a measuring instrument of the class described, the combination of a scale-holder comprising an upright frame having a pair of longitudinal guide-ways and a horizontally movable clamp disposed laterally of said frame, a scale-bar engaged edgewise between the inner end of said clamp and the adjacent edge of said frame, blocks slidably mounted in the guide-ways of said frame,

and provided with means for securing them in adjusted positions, and pointer-fingers carried by said blocks and at their free ends overlying one edge of said scale-bar.

4. In a measuring instrument of the class described, the combination of an upright frame having a pair of longitudinal guideways, a scale-bar, and means for clamping said scalebar edgewise against one edge of said frame with its graduated side flush with the front of said frame, blocks slidably mounted in the guide-ways of said frame and provided on one side with springs engaging one side wall of said grooves, screws passed through said blocks and formed with tapered or beveled inner ends adapted to eX- pand said springs into holding engagement with the side walls of said guide-ways, and pointer-fingers carried by said blocks and at their free ends overlying one edge of said scale-bar.

5. In a measuring instrument of the class described, the combination of a base-piece, a vertical frame clamped to said base-piece and provided with parallel guide-ways disposed lengthwise thereof, ascale clamped edgewise against said vertical frame, and a pair of pointers slidably engaging said guide-ways and adapted to be secured in any adjusted position lengthwise of the latter and both cooperating with said scale-bar to indicate scale division on the latter.

ANDREW KOIVALSKY.

Witnesses:

SAMUEL N. POND, EDMUND G. INGERSOLL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0. 

